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NICHCY: National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilitites

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)

AD/HD is one of the disabilities specifically mentioned under the disability category of Other Health Impairment. This page will connect you to our stand-alone fact sheet on AD/HD, but you may also want to read the fact sheet on Other Health Impairment.

Cognitive and Behavioral Treatment of Impulsivity in Children: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Outcome Literature

Reviewed 36 outcomes studies that used cognitive and/or behavioral treatment to reduce impulsivity in children. Treatments included self-statement modification, reinforcement contingencies, modeling, strategy training, problem-solving training, and numerous treatment combinations. Subjects were all described as impulsive but varied in clinical diagnosis, including attention-deficit disorder, hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, behavior disorder, and learning disability. Other subjects were labeled as non-self-controlled or as having behavior problems. Meta-analytic techniques showed that interventions for impulsivity were associated with improvements of approximately 1/3 to 3/4 of a standard deviation relative to untreated control subjects. Treated subjects fell close to normative group means both before and after treatment.

Part 2: How Disabilities Can Affect Math Achievement

Part 3: Effective Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Difficulties in Math -- Four Approaches That Improve Results

Research-Based Resources on Specific Disabilities

Here are a few educational research connections you might find useful as you plan and deliver services to children with specific disabilities such as AD/HD, learning disabilities, or autism.

The Effects of School-Based Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

A meta-analysis examining effects of school-based interventions for children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) was undertaken with 63 outcome studies. Gives separate analysis for studies employing between-subject, within-subject, and single-subject experimental designs. Reports positive and significant overall mean-effect sizes for dependent measures of behaviors across all three experimental designs.


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Readers are encouraged to copy and share this information, but please credit the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY). NICHCY relies on feedback from users to enhance our collection, development, and dissemination of information. We encourage you to share your ideas and feedback with us! Please contact us at our email address (nichcy@aed.org) or visit the NICHCY Feedback Page at: www.nichcy.org/Pages/Feedback.aspx.

NICHCY thanks our Project Officer, Dr. Judy L. Shanley, at the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), U.S. Department of Education.

Publication of this Web resource page is made possible through Cooperative Agreement #H326N030003 between the Academy for Educational Development and the Office of Special Education Programs of the U.S. Department of Education. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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